Fifty years ago the launch of Sputnik spawned a Defense Department research arm, which, among other things, is merely credited with laying the foundation for the creation of the civilian Internet. The model from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has been adapted by the Department of Energy, with a similar-sounding name. Arun Majumdar, the first director of Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E) is barely a month on the job after confirmation by the Senate in late October. He spoke at the recent Advanced Energy 2009 conference on Long Island, N.Y.
And the office is not waiting to get rolling, having doled out a few weeks ago $151 million in funding for 37 research projects, including some for intermittent resources like wind and solar. Majumdar characterized these kinds of projects as “high-risk, high-reward” that ordinarily might not be funded by industry. He is looking at updating the “game-changers” of the 20th Century – things like the electrification of the country, the interstate highway system, even the Internet – with a 21st Century slant. And with the added urgency of global climate change, he wants to compress what happened over 100 years in the last century into a 20-year time frame in this one.
The department’s aim is to invest in the best ideas out there and for those that might have market potential, to get further interest by industry as they develop. “And they’re out there,” Majumdar said, knowing that in any research of this type “mistakes will be made.” But high-risk, high-reward research is hoped to lead to a reduction in dependence on foreign oil and a drop in U.S. emissions of greenhouse gases.
Things like liquid metal grid-scale batteries being worked on at MIT and its partners, which DoE said “could revolutionize the way electricity is used and produced on the grid, enabling round-the-clock power from America's wind and solar power resources,” one of the recent grant winners.
ARPA-E was created under the America Competes Act of 2007 and received stimulus money of $400 million this spring. It first funding opportunity was held soon thereafter. “It was an unbelievable response…just to see what was out there,” he said. Almost 3,700 responses were received, with more than 300 deemed potentially viable enough to warrant full-scale review. From that round the 37 projects were awarded, or 1 percent of the initial proposals.
Other stated goals of ARPA-E is to reduce today's demand by 90 percent in new buildings and by 50 percent in retrofitted old buildings by 2030. “A tremendous business opportunity,” as Majumdar said, whose recent positions were as the associate laboratory director for energy and environment at Lawrence Berkeley national laboratory and as a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, the same academic pedigree of Energy Secretary Steven Chu.