I believe it can be done, but one must understand the challenges. While one kilowatt-hour can lift 2000 lbs more than 1300 feet, total costs for storing that energy should be no more than a few cents. Costs include installation, operation, and replacement vs useful life. Extensive or unlimited deep discharge cycle life and little or no energy lost over time is required. Compressed air fails because generated heat energy cannot be easily retained.

Vacuum can store energy without producing heat and concrete enclosure is effective for vacuum containment due to concrete's low cost and high strength in compression. Massive concrete domes are currently produced economically with shotcrete. There is little to limit size and a single concrete dome may enclose enough vacuum to generate more than a thousand kilowatt-hours.